Resistant definition is - giving, capable of, or exhibiting resistance —often used in combination. How to use resistant in a sentence. Giving, capable of, or exhibiting resistance —often used in combination. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt a spell. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide. An ethereal creature is invisible, insubstantial, and capable of moving in any direction, even up or down, albeit at half normal speed. An ethereal creature can move through solid objects, including living creatures. I 30 V - Vertical CNC. Deformation-resistant construction with no overhang roller guides included. DMG MORI uses cookies to ensure you the best experience on. First: What are/Where can I find the rules for damage resistance. It isn't in the DMG, MM or the rules compendium (from what I saw) and I checked the net and didn't see anything promising. https://uaunkvi.weebly.com/mac-miller-new-album-download.html. Second: Does it stack with Damage Reduction? The damage resistance is from the 10th level of Contemplative from Complete divine.
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/MonumentalDamageResistance Mts m2ts converter for mac dvd region 2.
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The Washington Monument in the background is the dead give-away.
A major city has been completely levelled, whether by a marauding monster, invading alien, nuclear attack, or anything that has a tendency to cause massive collateral damage. The town is nothing but a smoking pile of smouldering rubble. But wait! What's that over there? A few buildings are still standing. And what do you know! It's The White House! It might be a little worse-for-wear, and probably has chunks taken out of it and bits broken off, but it's still standing and easily recognizable.Advertisement:
Damage Resistant Phone
Basically, this trope is when widely recognized monuments are left remarkably whole in an otherwise devastated city. This occurs because, otherwise, no one would be able to tell just which city this wasteland used to be.
The inverse of Monumental Damage. Sometimes occurs after a Monumental Battle. A specific type of The Constant. It's often related to the Eiffel Tower Effect. Compare and contrast Ragnarök Proofing.
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Examples:
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- In Naruto, Pain's Shinra Tensei destroys the whole Leaf Village, but does no damage to the Hokage mountain. This meant that when Naruto was reverse summoned there, he could still be sure where he was.
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- In Resident Evil: Extinction, Las Vegas is buried in sand, but the monuments of the strip are still there and recognizable.
- Downplayed example in 1983's The Day After. Towards the end, Dr. Oakes is wandering the ruins of what was Kansas City, and finds the stump of the Liberty Memorial tower; some of words on the monument are still visible even though the tower itself is gone.
- Independence Day creates a 'Funny Aneurysm' Moment at one point in a shot of a devastated New York City. The World Trade Center is still standing, with only a few large chunks ripped out of it here and there. Also, most everything in Los Angeles is reduced to rubble except the scorched and battered but still recognisable palm trees.note To let you know that yes, that was Los Angeles.
- Planet of the Apes (1968): In the 40th century (the time period during which the first and second films take place), the Statue of Liberty lets the audience know that most of the movie takes place in a very post-apocalyptic New York.
- Dreamscape. During the President's final dream, a train car is passing through a landscape blasted by a nuclear explosion. We see a partially destroyed Capitol building to let the audience know it's the ruins of Washington D.C.
- In the movie version of Logan's Run, when Logan 5 and Jessica 6 reach the ruined city, we know its Washington DC because the Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, and National Archives are still standing. Vine-covered and weathered, but still standing.
- Older Than Television: In the 1933 film Deluge, New York City is flooded. The Empire State Building is knocked down by the wall of water, but the Statue of Liberty remains standing.
- Played straight in The Day After Tomorrow, where pretty much every New York City landmark survives the flooding of the city and the subsequent hard freeze. Roland Emmerich confided that the Statue of Liberty would be turned over by the force of the massive amount of water flowing around it but said he wanted to create a symbol of American values that stood up to the forces.
- The 1956 film Earth vs. the Flying Saucers sees Washington, DC destroyed. again. and yet the White House is left standing.
- Also played straight in 1975's Earthquake, which restricted most of the destruction to Los Angeles's outlying areas, leaving nearly all the city's landmarks fundamentally untouched.
- In the Distant Finale of A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, New York City has been covered by glaciers, but the World Trade Center and the other recognizable buildings of downtown Manhattan are intact, sticking through the ice. (Glaciers, of course, move, and would flatten anything in their path.)
- In Idiocracy, when Paris is briefly shown, the Eiffel Tower (in perfect condition) is the only thing that remains there; everything else is an uninhabited flattened wasteland.
- Reign of Fire gives us some dramatic shots of Big Ben, semi-ruined and covered in perching dragons, but still entirely recognizable.
- Deep Impact: A brief (but iconic) shot of New York after it is flooded by the impact's tidal wave shows the Statue of Liberty's head and a seemingly intact yellow taxi being slowly moved by the current. This is after we've seen the statue, Brooklyn Bridge and Washington Square Arch destroyed with the detail that the best computer effects allowed in 1998.
- In Oblivion (2013), during the Opening Narration explaining how it's currently the 2070s and the world was blown to Hell and back by an Alien Invasion (to the point that the Iceland wastelands stand in for New York State), we get a few shots of the destroyed Washington, D.C., and the Capitol Building, the Washington Monument and the Pentagon are free and still standing, while everything else is gone and replaced by mud flats and the Pentaggon has a neat bomb crater (implied to have been made by a nuclear weapon) smack in the middle of it.
- The novel of Metro 2033 mentions that the Kremlin is standing and is in pretty good shape, compared to the rest of Moscow after the city was nuked. It is explained that NATO specifically avoided hitting Kremlin, preferring to test a new biological weapon instead. Said weapon consumed everyone holed up there and eventually became something much worse.
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Live-Action TV
- The Outer Limits (1995): The episode 'Dead Man's Switch' ends with a view of Washington DC destroyed. Inexplicably, the Washington Monument is still standing while everything around it is rubble.
- The St. Louis arch is a prominent background feature in Defiance, which is set in what used to be St. Louis.
- The second season premiere shows the Hollywood sign and Grauman's Chinese Theater still standing in Angelarc to make it clear that it was once Los Angeles.
- On The 100, the Lincoln Memorial seems to be the only piece of Washington D.C. to have survived the nuclear war and the anarchic century that followed.
- While the entire point of Life After People is to subvert this and nearly every episode ends with a world famous monument being toppled, in some cases where the landmark in question is made of solid bronze or stone it will take hundreds or thousands of years to reach that point, and during this time this trope will be played instead. All too often, a cathedral or a castle will still remain standing after everything else in a city has been replaced by a forest or a swamp.
- The intro-movie of Star Ocean: The Last Hope features the Earth consumed in the nuclear fires of World War III. and yet the White House and the Arc de Triomphe are both shown to be standing tall while their respective cities (Washington, DC, and Paris respectively) are flat fields of rubble.
- Seen generally in the Fallout series, but most noticeable in Fallout 3. Despite the general devastation of the DC area, most of the landmarks are left remarkably intact. The Washington Monument, the National Archives, the Jefferson Memorial, the Museum of Natural History, and the Lincoln Memorial all feature prominently in in-game quests. The US Capitol building also dominates the view of one end of the National Mall, with the iconic rotunda still standing (albeit with a hole in the side). The setting tries to justify this: the extended Cold War between the US and China led to the government reinforcing major landmarks in anticipation of a nuclear apocalypse, while the weapons technology of the Fallout universe favored low-yield weapons that did less explosive damage but left far more. well, fallout.
- Fallout 3 also subverts this trope. With so much of the city still standing, you'd expect to eventually be able to explore the White House, but all you'll find at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a deep, highly-irradiated crater and a few Glowing Oneghouls.
- Fallout: New Vegas plays this straight with the Hoover Dam, though in real life many scientists have estimated that the Dam will remain more or less functional for thousands of years after it is abandoned, so indeed quite justified. The New Vegas Strip was also entirely preserved due to Mr. House's missile defense system shooting down any nukes aimed directly at the city (several did explode in the area surrounding Las/New Vegas, but damage to the city is minimal).
- Continuing the tradition, Fallout 4 prominently features Boston monuments such as the USS Constitution, Fenway Park, the Bunker Hill Monument, the Paul Revere Memorial, Faneuil Hall, the Old North Church, and even Walden Pond. Somewhat justified in that only one nuke was aimed at Boston, and it missed and landed somewhere Southwest of the city, in a heavily destroyed and still-irradiated area now called the Glowing Sea.
- This trope is in full effect for the Washington DC levels in Modern Warfare 2. Both the Washington Monument and White House ('Whiskey Hotel') suffer damage but are still iconically standing. That said, they still take quite a beating, especially the White House, which gets quite a few walls knocked down and its interior utterly totalled. Its later shown repaired.
- In Modern Warfare 3, though pretty much the entire New York City skyline is in flames, One World Trade Centre is conspicuously untouched. This one's pretty justified, though, for obvious sensitivity-related reasons. The Statue of Liberty is also untouched.
- Prominent at one point in the first Guilty Gear: Sol Badguy's stage takes place right next to the decapitated head of the Statue of Liberty.
- No matter how many nukes you drop on a city in Civilization IV, you can never destroy a World Wonder. Razing a city by conventional means will still destroy them, however.
- World in Conflict has the Space Needle and the Statue of Liberty survive untouched, though the latter is threatened in one mission.
- Earth Eternal is set long After the End — humans have blasted themselves into oblivion with nuclear war, the ruins of our civilizations have long fallen to ruin, the radiation has been cleaned up, and the Beasts have reclaimed the world. But the Eiffel Tower is still intact, somehow.
- Played with in Mass Effect 3, where the final cutscene will show Big Ben either surviving (albeit heavily damaged), or outright destroyed, depending on the amount of War Assets that have been gathered over the course of the game.
- Metro: Last Light expands on what the book said about the Kremlin, and Artyom actually gets to explore it and Red Square during the game. His diary notes mention the nameless superweapon that left buildings standing while devouring all organic matter, and the agony experienced by those who died has resulted in the entire capital area being haunted by some of the most tortured spirits in all of post-apocalyptic Moscow.
- Crusader Kings in the After the End mod for the sequel, one of the pictures shows the statue of Lincoln, partially covered in vines, being knelt to.
- The Hiroshima Peace Memorial, aka the A-Bomb Dome, survived the atomic bombing despite being less than 500 feet away from the epicenter of the blast. It currently survives as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Cologne Cathedral - hit by seventy bombs, but the only building in the city to survive.◊
- Coventry Cathedral . not so much◊.
- There's an iconic photo from the London Blitz during 1940-1941 of St. Paul's Cathedral surrounded by smoke and fire from incendiary bombs falling all around it. However, while the area surrounding the Cathedral was practically wiped out, the Cathedral itself survived more or less unscathed.
- Some have said that the Luftwaffe deliberately left St Paul's untouched was because it was a prominent landmark and useful as a waypoint for estimating distance to targets. However, the cathedral was hit in 1940 and would have burnt down without the intervention of firefighters.
- Similarly, one raid saw a bomb fall right on the Houses of Parliament, completely wiping out the House of Commons. The iconic clock tower housing Big Ben, however, was slightly damaged but otherwise okay.
- In fact, the Nazis organized an entire series of air raids that targeted cities that were strategically unimportant but contained famous architecture (the Baedeker Blitz; apparently, the Luftwaffe high command chose the targets from the Baedeker's Tourist Guide to Great Britain, and all of them were ranked three stars or higher). Fortunately, most of the targets like Canterbury Cathedral, Exeter Cathedral, and York Minster escaped mostly unscathed.
- Generally justified with any castle or other large stone structure dating from the Roman Empire onwards. Architects couldn't calculate the minimum thickness of stone needed to hold up for the building's design lifespan with the same degree of accuracy as is possible in this day and age, so they'd err on the side of caution; by modern standards, the end product is hugely over-engineered, and will remain recognisable -if not necessarily useable for their intended purpose- for hundreds of years after being abandoned. To give a general idea of just how over-engineered some Roman buildings were; there are Roman bridges which are able to carry cars two thousand years after they were built to deal with horse carriages. The Pantheon in Rome similarly survived to this day and still holds the record for the biggest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.
- After Hurricane Sandy swept away the historic Atlantic City Boardwalk, the roller coaster in Seaside Heights remained in place◊ and was perfectly recognizable◊.
- The Pyramids of Giza and Mesoamerica, the Roman Coliseum, Stonehenge, and the Great Wall of China, among others, have survived for thousands of years, but not unscathed. None of them are intact due to multiple natural disasters and plunderings by people carrying off souvenirs or reusing their materials for other local building projects. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the reigning champion for MDR; it is approximately 4,573 years old and has only lost its funerary contents, limestone casing, and a bit off the top during the millennia. note
- The church at Old Belchite◊, a town destroyed during a battle in the Spanish Civil War and never rebuilt, is still perfectly recognizable (and visitable).
Index
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.
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Ionizing-radiation-resistant organisms (IRRO) were defined as organisms for which the dose of acute ionizing radiation (IR) required to achieve 90% reduction (D10) is greater than 1000 gray (Gy) [1] https://uaunkvi.weebly.com/blog/cc-cleaner-equivalent-for-mac.
Radioresistance is surprisingly high in many organisms, in contrast to previously held views. For example, the study of environment, animals and plants around the Chernobyl disaster area has revealed an unexpected survival of many species, despite the high radiation levels. A Brazilian study in a hill in the state of Minas Gerais which has high natural radiation levels from uranium deposits, has also shown many radioresistant insects, worms and plants.[2][3] Certain extremophiles, such as the bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans and the tardigrades, can withstand large doses of ionizing radiation on the order of 5,000 Gy.[4][5][6]
Induced radioresistance[edit]
This is a graph showing the effect of fractionation on the ability of gamma rays to cause cell death. The blue line is for cells which were not given a chance to recover while the red line is for cells which were allowed to stand for a time and recover.
In the graph on left, a dose/survival curve for a hypothetical group of cells has been drawn with and without a rest time for the cells to recover. Other than the recovery time partway through the irradiation, the cells would have been treated identically.
Damage Resistance 5e
Radioresistance may be induced by exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation. Several studies have documented this effect in yeast, bacteria, protozoa, algae, plants, insects, as well as in in vitromammalian and human cells and in animal models. Several cellular radioprotection mechanisms may be involved, such as alterations in the levels of some cytoplasmic and nuclearproteins and increased gene expression, DNA repair and other processes. Also biophysical models presented general basics for this phenomena[7]. How to add app to startup mac.
https://zcsphei.weebly.com/blog/dmg-wallpaper. Many organisms have been found to possess a self-repair mechanism that can be activated by exposure to radiation in some cases. Two examples of this self-repair process in humans are described below.
Devair Alves Ferreira received a large dose (7.0 Gy) during the Goiânia accident, and lived, whereas his wife, who got a dose of 5.7 Gy, died. The most likely explanation[citation needed] https://treebiz675.weebly.com/blog/how-to-play-fortnite-on-mac-no-download. is that his dose was fractionated into many smaller doses which were absorbed over a length of time while his wife stayed in the house more and was subjected to continuous irradiation without a break so giving the self repair mechanisms in her body less time to repair some of the damage done by the radiation. This resulted in her death. He also eventually died in 1994. In the same way some of the persons who worked in the basement of the wrecked Chernobyl have built up doses of 10 Gy, these workers received these doses in small fractions so the acute effects were avoided.
It has been found in radiation biology experiments that if a group of cells are irradiated then as the dose increases the number of cells which survive decrease. It has also been found that if a population of cells are given a dose before being set aside (without being irradiated) for a length of time before being irradiated again then the radiation has less of an ability to cause cell death. The human body contains many types of cells and a human can be killed by the loss of a single tissue in a vital organ[citation needed]. For many short term radiation deaths (3 days to 30 days) the loss of cells forming blood cells (bone marrow) and the cells in the digestive system (wall of the intestines) cause death.
Inheritance of radioresistance[edit]
There is strong evidence that radioresistance can be genetically determined and inherited, at least in some organisms. Heinrich Nöthel, a geneticist from the Freie Universität Berlin carried out the most extensive study about radioresistance mutations using the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, in a series of 14 publications.
Radioresistance in radiation oncology[edit]
Radioresistance is also a term sometimes used in medicine (oncology) for cancer cells which are difficult to treat with radiotherapy. Radioresistance of cancer cells may be intrinsic or induced by the radiation therapy itself.
Radioresistance comparison[edit]
The comparison in the table below is only meant to give approximate indications of radioresistance for different species and should be taken with great caution. There are generally big differences in radioresistance for one species among experiments, due to the way radiation affects living tissues and to different experimental conditions. We should for example consider that because radiation impedes cell division, immature organisms are less resistant to radiations than adults, and adults are sterilized at doses much lower than that necessary to kill them. For example, for the insect parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor, the LD50 for haploid embryo during cleavage (1–3 hours of age) is 200 R, but about 4 hours later it is of 7,000 R (for X-ray intensity of 110 R/minute), and haploid (= male) embryos are more resistant than diploid (= female) embryos.[8] The mortality of adults H. hebetor exposed to a dose of 180,250 R is the same to this of a non-irradiated control group (food was not provided to either groups) (for 6,000 R/minute).[9][10] However, a lower dose of 102,000 R (for 6,000 R/minute) is sufficient to induce a state of lethargy in H. hebetor that is manifested by a complete cessation of activity, including cessation of feeding, and these individuals eventually let themselves starve to death.[10] And an even lower dose of 4,858 R (for 2,650 R/minute) is sufficient to sterilize adult female H. hebetor (sterility arises 3 days post-exposure).[11] Other important factors that influence the level of radioresistance include: The length of time during which a dose of radiation is delivered—with doses delivered during longer periods, or at time intervals, being associated with greatly reduced negative effects;[11][12]The feeding state of individuals—with pre-fed and post-fed individuals being more resistant to radiations compared to starved individuals;[11][12] The type of radiation used (e.g., tardigrades Milnesium tardigradum irradiated with heavy ions have a higher survival than when irradiated with gamma rays, for a same irradiation dose);[13] The physiological state of individuals (e.g., the tardigrade species Richtersius coronifer and Milnesium tardigradum are more resistant to gamma-ray radiation when in the hydrated state, and Macrobiotus areolatus is more resistant to X-ray radiation when in the anhydrobiotic state).[13] The way lethality is measured is also source of variation for the estimated radioresistance of a species. Irradiated specimens are not instantly killed, unless exposed to a very high dose (acute dose).[14] Therefore, irradiated specimens die over a certain period of time and lower irradiation doses correspond to longer survival. This means that the radiation dose LD50 fluctuates with the time at which it is measured. For example, the β radiation dose that causes 50% mortality in the American cockroach at 25 days post-exposure is 5,700 R, but to reach 50% mortality at 3 days post-exposure, 45,610 R are needed.[12] 25 days can represent a long survival period for short lived species, such as insects, but would represent a very short survival time for long lived species, such as mammals, so comparing survival of different species after the same amount of time post-exposure also poses some challenges of interpretation. These examples illustrate the many issues associated with comparison of radioresistance among species and the need for caution when doing so.
Organism | Lethal dose | LD50 | LD100 | Class/Kingdom |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dog | 3.5 (LD50/30 days)[15] | Mammals | ||
Human | 4–10[16] | 4.5[17] | 10[18] | Mammals |
Rat | 7.5 | Mammals | ||
Mouse | 4.5–12 | 8.6–9 | Mammals | |
Rabbit | 8 (LD50/30 days)[15] | Mammals | ||
Tortoise | 15 (LD50/30 days)[15] | Reptile | ||
Goldfish | 20 (LD50/30 days)[15] | Fish | ||
Escherichia coli | 60 | 60 | Bacteria | |
German cockroach | 64[16] | Insects | ||
Shellfish | 200 (LD50/30 days)[15] | - | ||
Common fruit fly | 640[16] | Insects | ||
C. elegans∗ | 160-200 [19] | ≫ 500-800[20][21] | Nematode | |
Amoeba | 1,000 (LD50/30 days)[15] | - | ||
Habrobracon hebetor | 1,800[9][10] | Insects | ||
Milnesium tardigradum | 5,000[13] | Eutardigrade | ||
Deinococcus radiodurans | 15,000[16] | Bacteria | ||
Thermococcus gammatolerans | 30,000[16] | Archaea |
∗ While an LD50 has been reported for wild type C. elegans individuals, an upper lethal limit has not been established, rather 'nearly all animals were alive with no indication of excess lethality up to 800 Gy, the highest dose. measured.'[21]
See also[edit]
- Ex-Rad a radioprotective drug studied for its ability to protect against acute radiation syndrome
- CBLB502 a similar radioprotective drug, that protects against acute radiation syndrome, during radiotherapy.
Notes and references[edit]
- ^Sghaier, H., Ghedira, K., Benkahla, A., and Barkallah, I. (2008) Basal DNA repair machinery is subject to positive selection in ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria. BMC Genomics 9: 297.
- ^Cordeiro, AR; Marques, EK; Veiga-Neto, AJ (1973). 'Radioresistance of a natural population of Drosophila willistoni living in a radioactive environment'. Mutation Research. 19 (3): 325–9. doi:10.1016/0027-5107(73)90233-9. PMID4796403.
- ^Moustacchi, E (1965). 'Induction by physical and chemical agents of mutations for radioresistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Mutation Research. 2 (5): 403–12. doi:10.1016/0027-5107(65)90052-7. PMID5878261.
- ^Moseley BEB; Mattingly A (1971). 'Repair of irradiated transforming deoxyribonu- cleic acid in wild type and a radiation- sensitive mutant of Micrococcus radiodu- rans'. J. Bacteriol.105 (3): 976–83. PMC248526. PMID4929286.
- ^Murray RGE. 1992. The family Deino- coccaceae. In The Prokaryotes, ed. A Ballows, HG Truper, M Dworkin, W Harder, KH Schleifer 4:3732–44. New York: Springer-Verlag
- ^Ito H; Watanabe H; Takeshia M; Iizuka H (1983). 'Isolation and identification of radiation-resistant cocci belonging to the genus Deinococcus from sewage sludges and animal feeds. Agric'. Biol. Chem. 47: 1239–47. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.47.1239.
- ^Fornalski KW (2019). 'Radiation adaptive response and cancer: from the statistical physics point of view'. Physical Review E. 99 (2). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.99.022139.
- ^Clark, AM; Mitchell, CJ (1952). 'Effects of X-Rays upon Haploid and Diploid Embryos of Habrobracon'. Biological Bulletin. 103 (2): 170–177. doi:10.2307/1538443.
- ^ abSullivan, R; Grosch, D (1953). 'The radiation tolerance of an adult wasp'. Nucleotics. 11: 21–23.
- ^ abcGrosch, DS (1954). 'Induced lethargy and the radiation control of insects'. Journal of Economic Entomology. 49 (5): 629–631.
- ^ abcGrosch, DS; Sullivan, RL (1954). 'The quantitative aspects of permanent and temporary sterility induced in female Habrobracon by X-Rays and β radiation'. Radiation Research. 1 (3): 294–320. doi:10.2307/3570374.
- ^ abcWharton, DRA; Wharton, ML (1959). 'The effect of radiation on the longevity of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, as affected by dose, age, sex, and food intake'. Radiation Research. 11: 600–615. doi:10.2307/3570814.
- ^ abcHorikawa DD; Sakashita T; Katagiri C; Watanabe M; et al. (2006). 'Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum'. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 82 (12): 843–8. doi:10.1080/09553000600972956. PMID17178624.
- ^Heidenthal, G (1945). 'The occurrence of X-ray induced dominant lethal mutations in Habrobracon'. Genetics. 30: 197–205.
- ^ abcdefRadiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, G. Choppin, J-O. Liljenzin and J. Rydberg, edition three, page 481, ISBN0-7506-7463-6
- ^ abcde'Cockroaches & Radiation'. Retrieved 2006-05-13.
- ^'Radiation Notes: Radiation Damage and Dose Measurement'. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^'CDC Radiation Emergencies, Acute Radiation Syndrome: A Fact Sheet for Physicians'. Archived from the original on 2006-07-16.
- ^Hartman, P; Goldstein, P; Algarra, M; Hubbard, D; Mabery, J (1996). 'The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is up to 39 times more sensitive to gamma radiation generated from 137Cs than from 60Co'. Mutat Res. 363 (3): 201–208. doi:10.1016/0921-8777(96)00012-2. PMID8765161.
- ^Weidhaas, J.B.; Eisenmann, D.M.; Holub, J.M.; Nallur, S.V. (2006). 'A Caenorhabditis elegans tissue model of radiation-induced reproductive cell death'. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 (26): 9946–51. Bibcode:2006PNAS.103.9946W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603791103. PMC1502559. PMID16788064.
- ^ abKrisko, A.; Magali, L.; Radman, M.; Meselson, M. (2012). 'Extreme anti-oxidant protection against ionizing radiation in bdelloid rotifers'. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109 (7): 2354–2357. Bibcode:2012PNAS.109.2354K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1119762109. PMC3289372. PMID22308443.
Further reading[edit]
Damage Resistant Mailbox
- Joiner, M.C. (1994). 'Induced Radioresistance: An Overview and Historical Perspective'. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 65 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1080/09553009414550111. PMID7905914.
- Clifton Ling, C.; Endlich, B. (1989). 'Radioresistance Induced by Oncogenic Transformation'. Radiation Research. 120 (2): 267–79. Bibcode:1989RadR.120.267L. doi:10.2307/3577713. PMID2694214.
- Nothel, H. (1987). 'Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster Populations to High Mutation Pressure: Evolutionary Adjustment of Mutation Rates'. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 84 (4): 1045–9. Bibcode:1987PNAS.84.1045N. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.4.1045. PMC304358. PMID3103121.
- Fornalski, K.W. (2016). 'Radiation and evolution: from Lotka-Volterra equation to balance equation'. International Journal of Low Radiation. 10 (3): 222–33. doi:10.1504/IJLR.2016.10002388.
What Is Resistance In Dnd
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